Regular medical checks for divers are crucial to ensure that both new and experienced divers are physically fit to dive and to prevent medical emergencies underwater. In this guide, we will explore the importance of medical checks, when to get them, and what conditions may require special attention.
Why are medical checks important?
1. Identify pre-existing conditions
Medical checks are designed to help divers identify any pre-existing health issues that could become dangerous underwater. Conditions such as heart disease, asthma, or uncontrolled diabetes can be life-threatening while diving, making a thorough medical examination an important safety measure.
2. Assess cardiovascular fitness
Diving places extra strain on the heart and lungs, so assessing cardiovascular health is crucial. Medical checks help ensure that your heart is capable of handling the increased physical demands of diving, such as swimming against currents or coping with underwater pressure.
3. Prevent diving-related injuries
Health issues like barotrauma and decompression sickness are more likely to occur if a diver has underlying health conditions that were not addressed prior to diving. A medical check can help determine if a diver is at increased risk and if any precautions should be taken.
When should divers get medical checks?
1. Initial medical check for new divers
Before beginning a diving course, it is usually mandatory to undergo a medical examination. A diving medical professional can evaluate whether you are physically fit to start scuba diving and whether any health concerns need to be addressed first.
2. Routine medical checks for experienced divers
- Annually for divers over 40: It is generally recommended that divers over the age of 40 get a medical check annually, particularly if they have any pre-existing health conditions.
- Every two years for younger divers: Divers under the age of 40 should aim to have a medical check every two years to ensure that they remain fit to dive.
3. After a long break from diving
If you have been away from diving for more than a year, it is advisable to have a medical check before returning to the water. This ensures that you are still in good health and helps identify any changes that may have occurred during the time off.
4. After a health condition or illness
If you have experienced a significant health condition or illness, such as a heart attack, surgery, or respiratory infection, you should consult a medical professional to determine if it is safe for you to dive again.
Common health conditions requiring special attention
1. Cardiovascular conditions
- Hypertension: High blood pressure can increase the risk of cardiac events underwater. Divers with hypertension should work with their healthcare provider to ensure their condition is well-managed before diving.
- Heart Disease: A history of heart disease requires careful consideration. Divers may need to undergo stress tests and other cardiovascular evaluations before being cleared to dive.
2. Respiratory issues
- Asthma: Diving can be challenging for individuals with asthma due to the increased pressure on the respiratory system. A medical professional will need to evaluate whether your asthma is under control and if diving is safe.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Conditions like COPD can make it difficult for divers to handle pressure changes underwater. Medical clearance is essential to assess lung function before diving.
3. Diabetes
- Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: Divers with diabetes must carefully manage their blood sugar levels, as hypoglycemia can be particularly dangerous underwater. A medical professional can provide guidelines on how to dive safely, including monitoring blood glucose and having a dive plan that accounts for emergency situations.
4. Ear and sinus issues
- Sinus problems: Chronic sinusitis or nasal congestion can lead to difficulty equalizing pressure during dives, resulting in barotrauma. Divers should ensure their sinuses are clear before diving to avoid injury.
- Ear conditions: Ear issues, such as a history of eardrum perforations or frequent ear infections, may require special attention to avoid complications with equalisation.
- Prescription medications
- Some prescription medications may not be compatible with diving.
- Ensure your prescribing doctor is aware that you dive and has carefully considered the potential effects of the medication in relation to diving safety.
What to expect during a diving medical check
1. Medical Questionnaire
Divers are often asked to fill out a medical questionnaire detailing their medical history, current health conditions, and any medications they are taking. This helps the doctor determine potential areas of concern.
2. Physical Examination
A physical examination will typically include:
- Heart and lung assessment: Evaluating cardiovascular and respiratory health to ensure that the diver is physically capable of handling the demands of diving.
- ENT examination: Examination of the ears, nose, and throat to assess the ability to equalize pressure during a dive.
- General health assessment: Checking overall health, including weight, blood pressure, and reflexes.
3. Additional tests if needed
Depending on your medical history, the doctor may require additional tests, such as:
- Exercise stress test: To evaluate cardiovascular fitness, particularly for divers over 40 or those with a history of heart issues.
- Lung function tests: To assess respiratory health in individuals with a history of asthma or other respiratory issues.
Tips for staying fit to dive
1. Maintain a healthy lifestyle
- Regular exercise: Cardiovascular exercise, such as swimming or running, helps improve lung capacity and heart health, both of which are essential for diving.
- Balanced diet: Eating a healthy diet helps maintain energy levels and overall fitness, which is crucial for handling the physical demands of diving.
2. Avoid alcohol and drugs before diving
Alcohol and recreational drugs can impair judgment and increase the risk of decompression sickness. Avoid these substances before diving, and always dive with a clear head.
3. Listen to your body
If you feel unwell, fatigued, or are experiencing any symptoms that could impact your safety underwater, do not dive. It is always better to err on the side of caution.
Conclusion
Medical checks for divers are a critical aspect of ensuring safety both on and under the water. Whether you are new to diving or have been diving for years, regular medical assessments help identify and address any potential health issues that could become problematic underwater. Prioritising your health and fitness allows you to fully enjoy the underwater world while minimising risks. Remember, a simple medical check can make the difference between a safe dive and a dangerous situation.
